EvoBot: An Open-Source, Modular Liquid Handling Robot for Nurturing Microbial Fuel Cells

Liquid handling robots are rarely used in the domain of artificial life. In this field, transitory behaviours of non-equilibrium man-made systems are studied and need an automatic monitoring and logging of results. In addition, artificial life experiments are dynamic with frequent changes, which makes it difficult to apply conventional liquid handling
robots as they are designed to automate a predefined task. In order to address these issues, we have developed an open
source liquid handling robot, EvoBot. It uses a modular approach, which gives us the possibility to reconfigure the robot
for different experiments and make it possible for users to add functionality by just developing a function specific module. In addition, it provides sensors and extra functionality for monitoring an experiment, which allows researchers to
perform interactive experiments with the aim of prolonging non-equilibrium conditions. In this paper, we describe the
modular design of EvoBot, document its performance, and provide a novel example of an interactive experiment in artificial life, where the robot nurtures a microbial fuel cell based on its voltage output.